Article

Canonical URL: http://schema.org/Article

Thing > CreativeWork > Article

An article, such as a news article or piece of investigative report. Newspapers and magazines have articles of many different types and this is intended to cover them all.

See also blog post.


Usage: Over 1,000,000 domains
PropertyExpected TypeDescription
Properties from Article
articleBody Text The actual body of the article.
articleSection Text Articles may belong to one or more 'sections' in a magazine or newspaper, such as Sports, Lifestyle, etc.
pageEnd Integer  or
Text 		The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
pageStart Integer  or
Text 		The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
pagination Text Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart and pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
wordCount Integer The number of words in the text of the Article.
Properties from CreativeWork
about Thing The subject matter of the content.
accessMode Text The human sensory perceptual system or cognitive faculty through which a person may process or perceive information. Expected values include: auditory, tactile, textual, visual, colorDependent, chartOnVisual, chemOnVisual, diagramOnVisual, mathOnVisual, musicOnVisual, textOnVisual.
accessModeSufficient Text A list of single or combined accessModes that are sufficient to understand all the intellectual content of a resource. Expected values include: auditory, tactile, textual, visual.
accessibilityAPI Text Indicates that the resource is compatible with the referenced accessibility API (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
accessibilityControl Text Identifies input methods that are sufficient to fully control the described resource (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
accessibilityFeature Text Content features of the resource, such as accessible media, alternatives and supported enhancements for accessibility (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
accessibilityHazard Text A characteristic of the described resource that is physiologically dangerous to some users. Related to WCAG 2.0 guideline 2.3 (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
accessibilitySummary Text A human-readable summary of specific accessibility features or deficiencies, consistent with the other accessibility metadata but expressing subtleties such as "short descriptions are present but long descriptions will be needed for non-visual users" or "short descriptions are present and no long descriptions are needed."
accountablePerson Person Specifies the Person that is legally accountable for the CreativeWork.
aggregateRating AggregateRating The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item.
alternativeHeadline Text A secondary title of the CreativeWork.
associatedMedia MediaObject A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for encoding.
audience Audience An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created. Supersedes serviceAudience.
audio AudioObject An embedded audio object.
author Organization  or
Person 		The author of this content or rating. Please note that author is special in that HTML 5 provides a special mechanism for indicating authorship via the rel tag. That is equivalent to this and may be used interchangeably.
award Text An award won by or for this item. Supersedes awards.
character Person Fictional person connected with a creative work.
citation CreativeWork  or
Text 		A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.
comment Comment Comments, typically from users.
commentCount Integer The number of comments this CreativeWork (e.g. Article, Question or Answer) has received. This is most applicable to works published in Web sites with commenting system; additional comments may exist elsewhere.
contentLocation Place The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the location in a photograph or painting.
contentRating Text Official rating of a piece of content—for example,'MPAA PG-13'.
contributor Organization  or
Person 		A secondary contributor to the CreativeWork or Event.
copyrightHolder Organization  or
Person 		The party holding the legal copyright to the CreativeWork.
copyrightYear Number The year during which the claimed copyright for the CreativeWork was first asserted.
creator Organization  or
Person 		The creator/author of this CreativeWork. This is the same as the Author property for CreativeWork.
dateCreated Date  or
DateTime 		The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added to a DataFeed.
dateModified Date  or
DateTime 		The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when the item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
datePublished Date Date of first broadcast/publication.
discussionUrl URL A link to the page containing the comments of the CreativeWork.
editor Person Specifies the Person who edited the CreativeWork.
educationalAlignment AlignmentObject An alignment to an established educational framework.
educationalUse Text The purpose of a work in the context of education; for example, 'assignment', 'group work'.
encoding MediaObject A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for associatedMedia. Supersedes encodings.
exampleOfWork CreativeWork A creative work that this work is an example/instance/realization/derivation of.
Inverse property: workExample.
fileFormat Text  or
URL 		Media type, typically MIME format (see IANA site) of the content e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations, 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular fileFormat information. Unregistered or niche file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia entry.
funder Organization  or
Person 		A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution.
genre Text  or
URL 		Genre of the creative work, broadcast channel or group.
hasPart CreativeWork Indicates a CreativeWork that is (in some sense) a part of this CreativeWork.
Inverse property: isPartOf.
headline Text Headline of the article.
inLanguage Language  or
Text 		The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please use one of the language codes from the IETF BCP 47 standard. See also availableLanguage. Supersedes language.
interactionStatistic InteractionCounter The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter should be used. Supersedes interactionCount.
interactivityType Text The predominant mode of learning supported by the learning resource. Acceptable values are 'active', 'expositive', or 'mixed'.
isAccessibleForFree Boolean A flag to signal that the publication is accessible for free. Supersedes free.
isBasedOn CreativeWork  or
Product  or
URL 		A resource that was used in the creation of this resource. This term can be repeated for multiple sources. For example, http://example.com/great-multiplication-intro.html. Supersedes isBasedOnUrl.
isFamilyFriendly Boolean Indicates whether this content is family friendly.
isPartOf CreativeWork Indicates a CreativeWork that this CreativeWork is (in some sense) part of.
Inverse property: hasPart.
keywords Text Keywords or tags used to describe this content. Multiple entries in a keywords list are typically delimited by commas.
learningResourceType Text The predominant type or kind characterizing the learning resource. For example, 'presentation', 'handout'.
license CreativeWork  or
URL 		A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL.
locationCreated Place The location where the CreativeWork was created, which may not be the same as the location depicted in the CreativeWork.
mainEntity Thing Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other CreativeWork.
Inverse property: mainEntityOfPage.
material Product  or
Text  or
URL 		A material that something is made from, e.g. leather, wool, cotton, paper.
mentions Thing Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not necessarily about a concept.
offers Offer An offer to provide this item—for example, an offer to sell a product, rent the DVD of a movie, perform a service, or give away tickets to an event.
position Integer  or
Text 		The position of an item in a series or sequence of items.
producer Organization  or
Person 		The person or organization who produced the work (e.g. music album, movie, tv/radio series etc.).
provider Organization  or
Person 		The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller. Supersedes carrier.
publication PublicationEvent A publication event associated with the item.
publisher Organization  or
Person 		The publisher of the creative work.
publishingPrinciples URL Link to page describing the editorial principles of the organization primarily responsible for the creation of the CreativeWork.
recordedAt Event The Event where the CreativeWork was recorded. The CreativeWork may capture all or part of the event.
Inverse property: recordedIn.
releasedEvent PublicationEvent The place and time the release was issued, expressed as a PublicationEvent.
review Review A review of the item. Supersedes reviews.
schemaVersion Text  or
URL 		Indicates (by URL or string) a particular version of a schema used in some CreativeWork. For example, a document could declare a schemaVersion using an URL such as http://schema.org/version/2.0/ if precise indication of schema version was required by some application.
sourceOrganization Organization The Organization on whose behalf the creator was working.
spatialCoverage Place The spatialCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the place(s) which are the focus of the content. It is a subproperty of contentLocation intended primarily for more technical and detailed materials. For example with a Dataset, it indicates areas that the dataset describes: a dataset of New York weather would have spatialCoverage which was the place: the state of New York. Supersedes spatial.
sponsor Organization  or
Person 		A person or organization that supports a thing through a pledge, promise, or financial contribution. e.g. a sponsor of a Medical Study or a corporate sponsor of an event.
temporalCoverage DateTime  or
Text  or
URL 		The temporalCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the period that the content applies to, i.e. that it describes, either as a DateTime or as a textual string indicating a time period in ISO 8601 time interval format. In the case of a Dataset it will typically indicate the relevant time period in a precise notation (e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 would be written "2011/2012"). Other forms of content e.g. ScholarlyArticle, Book, TVSeries or TVEpisode may indicate their temporalCoverage in broader terms - textually or via well-known URL. Written works such as books may sometimes have precise temporal coverage too, e.g. a work set in 1939 - 1945 can be indicated in ISO 8601 interval format format via "1939/1945". Supersedes datasetTimeInterval, temporal.
text Text The textual content of this CreativeWork.
thumbnailUrl URL A thumbnail image relevant to the Thing.
timeRequired Duration Approximate or typical time it takes to work with or through this learning resource for the typical intended target audience, e.g. 'P30M', 'P1H25M'.
translator Organization  or
Person 		Organization or person who adapts a creative work to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target market, or that translates during some event.
typicalAgeRange Text The typical expected age range, e.g. '7-9', '11-'.
version Number  or
Text 		The version of the CreativeWork embodied by a specified resource.
video VideoObject An embedded video object.
workExample CreativeWork Example/instance/realization/derivation of the concept of this creative work. eg. The paperback edition, first edition, or eBook.
Inverse property: exampleOfWork.
Properties from Thing
additionalType URL An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
alternateName Text An alias for the item.
description Text A description of the item.
disambiguatingDescription Text A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
identifier PropertyValue  or
Text  or
URL 		The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background notes for more details.
image ImageObject  or
URL 		An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
mainEntityOfPage CreativeWork  or
URL 		Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details.
Inverse property: mainEntity.
name Text The name of the item.
potentialAction Action Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
sameAs URL URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.
url URL URL of the item.

Available properties in extensions


More specific Types

Acknowledgement

This class contains derivatives of IPTC rNews properties. rNews is a data model of publishing metadata with serializations currently available for RDFa as well as HTML5 Microdata. More information about the IPTC and rNews can be found at rnews.org.



Examples

Example 1
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
How to Tie a Reef Knot
by John Doe
This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.

<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
  <span itemprop="name">How to Tie a Reef Knot</span>
  by <span itemprop="author">John Doe</span>
  This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.
  <div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/InteractionCounter">
    <div itemprop="interactionService" itemscope itemid="http://www.twitter.com" itemtype="http://schema.org/Website">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Twitter" />
    </div>
    <meta itemprop="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/ShareAction"/>
    <meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="1203" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/InteractionCounter">
    <meta itemprop="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/CommentAction"/>
    <meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="78" />
  </div>
</div>

<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Article">
  <span property="name">How to Tie a Reef Knot</span>
  by <span property="author">John Doe</span>
  This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.
  <div property="interactionStatistic" typeof="InteractionCounter">
    <div property="interactionService" itemscope itemid="http://www.twitter.com" itemtype="http://schema.org/Website">
      <meta property="name" content="Twitter" />
    </div>
    <meta property="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/ShareAction"/>
    <meta property="userInteractionCount" content="1203" />
  </div>
  <div property="interactionStatistic" typeof="InteractionCounter">
    <meta property="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/CommentAction"/>
    <meta property="userInteractionCount" content="78" />
  </div>
</div>

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "Article",
  "author": "John Doe",
  "interactionStatistic": [
    {
      "@type": "InteractionCounter",
      "interactionService": {
        "@type": "Website",
        "name": "Twitter",
        "url": "http://www.twitter.com"
      },
      "interactionType": "http://schema.org/ShareAction",
      "userInteractionCount": "1203"
    },
    {
      "@type": "InteractionCounter",
      "interactionType": "http://schema.org/CommentAction",
      "userInteractionCount": "78"
    }
  ],
  "name": "How to Tie a Reef Knot"
}
</script>
Example 2
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div>
 <h1>The Lancet</h1>
 <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
 <p>Published by Elsevier
 <ul>
   <li>ISSN: 0140-6736</li>
 </ul>
 <h3>Issues:</h3>
 <ul>
   <li>No. 9734 Jul 3, 2010 p 1-68</li>
   <li>No. 9735 Jul 10, 2010 p 69-140</li>
 </ul>
</div>

<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
  <h1 itemprop="name">The Lancet</h1>
  <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
  <p>Published by <span itemprop="publisher">Elsevier</span>
  <ul>
    <li>ISSN: <span itemprop="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
  </ul>
  <h3>Issues:</h3>
  <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#vol376">
    <meta itemprop="volumeNumber" content="376">
    <ul>
      <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9734">No.
        <span itemprop="issueNumber">9734</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
        p <span itemprop="pageStart">1</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">68</span>
      </li>
      <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9735">No.
        <span itemprop="issueNumber">9735</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
        p <span itemprop="pageStart">69</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">140</span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Periodical">
  <h1 property="name">The Lancet</h1>
  <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
  <p>Published by <span property="publisher">Elsevier</span>
  <ul>
    <li>ISSN: <span property="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
  </ul>
  <h3>Issues:</h3>
  <div property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#vol376">
    <meta property="volumeNumber" content="376">
    <ul>
      <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9734">No.
        <span property="issueNumber">9734</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
        p <span property="pageStart">1</span>-<span property="pageEnd">68</span>
      </li>
      <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9735">No.
        <span property="issueNumber">9735</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
        p <span property="pageStart">69</span>-<span property="pageEnd">140</span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "Periodical",
  "issn": "0140-6736",
  "hasPart": {
    "@id": "vol376",
    "@type": "PublicationVolume",
    "volumeNumber": "376",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@id": "issue9735",
        "@type": "PublicationIssue",
        "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
        "pageEnd": "140",
        "pageStart": "69",
        "issueNumber": "9735"
      },
      {
        "@id": "issue9734",
        "@type": "PublicationIssue",
        "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
        "pageEnd": "68",
        "pageStart": "1",
        "issueNumber": "9734"
      }
    ]
  },
  "name": "The Lancet",
  "publisher": "Elsevier"
}
</script>
Example 3
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div>
  <strong>Title:</strong> Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review<br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> Smiraglia, Richard P.<br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> Catalog ; Works <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div>Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 50 (5),</div>
  <div>p.360-368 [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
      The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.
  </div>
  <strong>Publisher:</strong> Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
  <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
  <strong>ISSN:</strong> 0163-9374 ;<br />
  <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> 1544-4554;<br />
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle">
  <strong>Title:</strong> <span itemprop="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> <span itemprop="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span itemprop="about">Catalog</span> ; <span itemprop="about">Works</span> <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#issue">
    <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
      <span itemprop="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
    </span>
    <span itemprop="datePublished">2012</span>,
    Vol.<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope
              itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume"><link
              itemprop="isPartOf" href="#periodical" /><span
              itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
          itemprop="issueNumber">5</span>),
  </div>
  <div>
    p.<span itemprop="pageStart">360</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
    <span itemprop="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.</span>
  </div>
  <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
    <strong>Publisher:</strong>
    <span itemprop="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
    <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
    <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
    <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
  </span>
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a itemprop="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="ScholarlyArticle" resource="#article">
  <strong>Title:</strong> <span property="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> <span property="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span property="about">Catalog</span> ; <span property="about">Works</span> <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue">
    <span typeof="Periodical" resource="#periodical">
      <span property="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
    </span>
    <span property="datePublished">2012</span>,
    Vol.<span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#periodical"><span
              property="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
          property="issueNumber">5</span>),
  </div>
  <div>
    p.<span property="pageStart">360</span>-<span property="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
    <span property="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.</span>
  </div>
  <span resource="#periodical">
    <strong>Publisher:</strong>
    <span property="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
    <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
    <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
    <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
  </span>
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a property="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

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            "name": "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly",
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        "sameAs": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254",
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            "Works",
            "Catalog"
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Schema Version 3.2